Mainnet Shapella announced | Ethereum Foundation Blog

adminDecember 8, 2023

Withdrawals are coming! The Shapella network upgrade will be activated on the Ethereum network in epochs. 194048Estimated for April 12, 2023 22:27:35 UTC
Stakers and node operators should read this post along with this one. Withdrawal FAQ
From now until April 5th, Ethereum Bug Bounty Rewards for Shapella vulnerabilities have been doubled.
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After smooth Görli transition, the client team scheduled a Shapella upgrade for mainnet activation. The agreement was reached quickly, on April 12th. 157th AllCoreDevs Execution Layer Conference.

This upgrade includes: absorption Allows validators to withdraw their stake from the beacon chain back to the execution layer. It also introduces new features in both the execution and consensus layers, described below.

Upgrade specifications

The Shapella upgrade combines changes to the execution layer (Shanghai), consensus layer (Capella), and engine API.

Shanghai

You can use the execution layer changes included in Shanghai. here. For reference:

EIP-6049 is deprecated. warning. Client teams look forward to self-destruct The semantics will change in future network upgrades, but the opcode’s behavior will not change in Shanghai.

You can also now view the full Shanghai changes at: EELS (Ethereum Execution Layer Specification)This is a new Python reference implementation of the execution layer.

Capella

Consensus layer changes for Capella upgrades: v1.3.0-rc.5 Specification. that much Read on Lists all changes. At a high level, the upgrade introduces:

Full and partial withdrawals for validators
BLSToExecutionChange The message allows the verifier to use: BLS_WITHDRAWAL_PREFIX to update it ETH1_ADDRESS_WITHDRAWAL_PREFIXPrerequisites for withdrawal
Independent state and block record accumulator replacing the original single historical root.

Stakers are encouraged to read the following: Withdrawal FAQ Learn more about how to prepare a cappella.

Engine API

Changes to the Engine API can be found here: shanghai.md of the file Execution API Storage. in other words, Withdrawal V1 Structure is introduced and added to related structures and methods. After the merge, any changes to the execution layer API will occur in the repository. latest release.

client release

The next client release will support Shanghai & Capella on the Ethereum mainnet. Previous Shapella releases only supported testnet deployments. ~ no Compatible with mainnet upgrades.

When choosing which clients to run, validators should pay particular attention to the risks of running multiple clients in both the execution layer (EL) and consensus layer (CL). You will find a description of these risks and their consequences. here. You’ll find estimates of the current distribution of EL and CL clients, as well as guidance for transitioning from one client to another. here.

Consensus layer mainnet launch

Note: When running a validator, both the consensus layer beacon node and the validator client must be updated.

Execution layer mainnet launch

memo: An issue was discovered in Erigon v2.41.0. This release ~ no Perfect for Shapella upgrades. Erigo users should upgrade to v2.42.0.

frequently asked questions

Is there anything I need to do as an Ethereum user or Ethereum holder?

Simply put, no.

If you use an exchange, digital wallet, or hardware wallet, you do not need to take any action unless you receive further instructions from the exchange or wallet provider.

If you’re running your own Ethereum node, see the following questions:

What do I need to do as a non-staking node operator?

To be compatible with the mainnet upgrade, update your node to the Ethereum client version listed in the table above.

What should I do as a staker?

To be compatible with the mainnet upgrade, update your node to the Ethereum client version listed in the table above. Make sure both your beacon nodes and validator clients are updated!

Please also read the following: Withdrawal FAQ.

What happens if I’m a staker or node operator and don’t participate in the upgrade?

If you are using an Ethereum client that has not been updated to the latest version (listed above), your client will be in sync with the prefork blockchain when the upgrade occurs.

Under the old rules, you will be stuck on an incompatible chain and will not be able to send Ether or operate on the network after Shapella Ethereum.

What should I do as an application or tool developer?

Shapella does not introduce any major changes to smart contracts. Application and tool developers should review upgrade changes to ensure that fixes have been completed or to understand how to use newly introduced features.

In other words, application developers start from Shanghai. self-destruct The opcode is considered deprecated. Semantics will not change as part of this network upgrade, but will likely change in future upgrades. see EIP-6049 For more information.

Why “Chappella”?

Upgrades to the execution layer follow Devcon city names, and upgrades to the consensus layer follow star names. Shapella is a combination of Shanghai, where Devcon 2 is located, and Capella, the brightest star in the northern constellation Auriga.